En un movimiento significativo hacia una mayor comprensión e inclusión de las personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), Costa Rica ha decidido dejar de usar el término «Síndrome de Asperger». Esta decisión, respaldada por expertos en salud mental y organizaciones de autismo en el país, refleja un cambio global en la manera de abordar y clasificar el autismo.
De «Síndrome de Asperger» a Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA)
El término «Síndrome de Asperger» se utilizó durante muchos años para describir a personas con características autistas leves, que suelen tener habilidades lingüísticas y cognitivas intactas. Sin embargo, la comunidad médica y científica ha reconocido que estas distinciones pueden ser innecesariamente divisorias y no reflejan la realidad de la variabilidad del espectro autista. En 2013, el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5) eliminó oficialmente el término, integrándolo bajo el diagnóstico general de TEA.
Datos Relevantes en Costa Rica:
- Diagnósticos: Según datos recientes del Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica, aproximadamente 1 de cada 65 niños en el país es diagnosticado con TEA, incluyendo aquellos previamente clasificados bajo el término «Síndrome de Asperger».
- Educación y Conciencia: Las campañas de sensibilización y educación sobre el autismo han sido cruciales para actualizar la terminología y promover una comprensión más inclusiva del TEA.
- Servicios de Apoyo: Costa Rica ha mejorado sus servicios de apoyo y diagnóstico para personas con TEA, integrando un enfoque más holístico que reconoce la diversidad dentro del espectro autista.
Testimonios y Experiencias:
María Fernández, madre de un adolescente diagnosticado con lo que antes se llamaba «Síndrome de Asperger», comparte su perspectiva: «La eliminación del término ha sido un cambio positivo. Nos ayuda a entender que el autismo es un espectro amplio y que cada persona tiene sus propias necesidades y habilidades. Esto ha permitido que mi hijo reciba un apoyo más adecuado y menos estigmatizante».
Iniciativas Gubernamentales y Privadas:
El gobierno de Costa Rica y varias organizaciones no gubernamentales han lanzado iniciativas para apoyar esta transición:
- Formación y Capacitación: Programas de formación para educadores y profesionales de la salud para asegurar que comprendan y utilicen la terminología actualizada.
- Campañas de Concienciación: Iniciativas mediáticas y comunitarias para educar al público sobre el TEA y la importancia de utilizar un lenguaje inclusivo y preciso.
- Apoyo Integral: Servicios integrados que abordan las necesidades individuales de las personas con TEA, promoviendo su bienestar y desarrollo.
Un Llamado a la Acción:
Invitamos a todos los sectores de la sociedad costarricense a adoptar este cambio en la terminología y a trabajar juntos para crear un entorno más inclusivo y comprensivo para las personas con TEA. La correcta comprensión y aceptación del espectro autista es esencial para apoyar a las personas en su diversidad y singularidad.
Departamento de Comunicación
Activo 20-30 San José
Tel: +506 2233 2030
Correo electrónico: dsolis@activo2030sanjose.org
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